In U.S., ‘comfort women’ plaques raise tensions

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In U.S., ‘comfort women’ plaques raise tensions

HACKENSACK, New Jersey - After noticing plaques at the local courthouse commemorating slavery, the Holocaust and other atrocities, Korean-American community leader Chejin Park had the idea of adding a tribute to the so-called comfort women of World War II.

To his surprise, the gesture to honor the more than 200,000 mostly Korean and Chinese women forced to provide sex for Japanese soldiers would make his New Jersey town a flashpoint in an international controversy.

Local officials rejected a request by Japanese officials to take down the first plaque put up just over two years ago in Palisades Park, just outside New York City, where a majority of residents are of Korean descent.

But now the dedication of a second marker, this one at the courthouse, has been held up until the wording can be changed to remove a reference to the Japanese government.

The top government official in Bergen County, Kathleen Donovan, said the delay is not due to any new pressure from Japanese officials.

Donovan and the county’s legislative body had asked that the second plaque state that Japan’s Imperial army, not the Japanese government, was responsible for what happened to the women, Donovan said.

“Our monument is not anti-Japanese government; it is pro-comfort women,” she said. “We want to be very clear that it was the Imperial Japanese armed forces and not the government that, according to our historical research, committed these acts.”

Historians say the women, mostly from the Korean Peninsula and China, were forced to provide sex for Japanese soldiers in military brothels. But rightists in Japan have questioned whether the women were coerced by the military to be prostitutes.

Some surviving women and their supporters have held a weekly vigil in front of the Japanese embassy in Seoul for more than two decades, saying that an apology issued by a Japanese government official in 1993 has failed to convince Koreans that Japan is truly contrite.

The issue is an important one for Bergen County, where the Korean population has quadrupled since 1990 and now accounts for nearly 8 percent of the county’s more than 900,000 residents. Last year, Donovan made an official visit to the county’s sister city of Dangjin, South Chungcheong, and met with some elderly women who, decades ago, were forced to provide sex for the soldiers.

“It was quite an amazing experience to sit with them and have tea,” Donovan said. “I asked them if I could tell their story; these are women who lived through that horrible experience and wanted the world to know.”

Park, an attorney, worked with a memorial committee to build and finance the memorials.

“These memorials are simply stating the fact that it happened, and Japan is arguing that it didn’t happen,” Park said. “We see the issue as a human rights issue. We see comfort women survivors screaming for justice.”

Similar memorials have been built in Los Angeles and New York state, and plans are under way to build them in San Francisco, Georgia, New York, Illinois and Massachusetts, he said.

The New York State Senate passed a resolution Tuesday recognizing the survivors.

When the first plaque went up on a small boulder next to the library in Palisades Park, the mayor said he received a perplexing visit from Japanese consular officials, followed by a delegation of members of Japan’s parliament.

They offered to donate books to the library. They wanted to plant Japanese cherry blossom trees along the borough’s main thoroughfare. They offered to engage in activities with townspeople to “promote U.S.-Japan relations.”

“In the meantime,” Mayor James Rotundo recalled, the visiting officials also told him: “It would be nice if we’d take the monument down.”

The first plaque reads: “In memory of the more than 200,000 women and girls who were abducted by the armed forces of the government of Imperial Japan, 1930s - 1945. Known as comfort women, they endured human rights violations that no peoples should leave unrecognized. Let us never forget the horrors of crimes against humanity.”

The second plaque is being reworded to lay the blame on the Imperial armed forces, removing reference to the government of Imperial Japan.

Asked about the controversy in New Jersey, the Japanese consulate in New York issued a statement on behalf of the government stating that Prime Minister Shinzo Abe “is deeply pained when thinking of the ‘comfort women’ who experienced immeasurable pain and suffering, a feeling shared by his predecessors.”

The statement adds that Japan has apologized for the suffering it caused to “the people of many countries, particularly to those in Asian nations.”

On the issue of the women, the Japanese government said: “It is our sincere hope that we can focus on working constructively together and move forward, and not politicize this issue.”

Park said he believes the women’s struggles have a place alongside history’s greatest injustices.

“Human trafficking is a serious human rights violation, and the comfort women were the largest government-organized human trafficking case in the 20th century,” he said. “

We should understand the comfort women memorial as something like the other memorials in the United States that memorialize many other human rights violations that happened in many places in the world.”

AP
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