Sustainable energy in Asia

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Sustainable energy in Asia

The Asia-Pacific region is at a turning point in its energy trajectory. The energy solutions that have fuelled growth in the region over the past few decades are no longer compatible with the sustainable development aspirations of our nations and their people.

In transitioning to a new era of sustainable energy, policymakers across the region face complex decisions. Supplies must be secure and affordable, and they must fill the energy access gap, which leaves half a billion people across the region without access to electricity.

At the same time, mitigating the local impacts of energy generation and use will be vital in resolving problems such as the air pollution choking our cities and the global consequences of greenhouse gas emissions causing climate change.

Solutions exist, but only through regional cooperation and integration can Asia and the Pacific transition to using sustainable energy in time to meet the ambitious 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its Goals.

Countries have committed to moving towards a more diverse and low carbon energy mix through the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. However, fossil fuels stubbornly remain a major part of the regional energy mix, making up three-quarters of electricity generation.

Unless the region’s countries work together to accelerate the incorporation of sustainable energy into their strategies, business-as-usual approaches will result in a continuation of fossil fuel use and its associated impacts.

The energy-technology renaissance already underway in some countries is playing a vital role in the transition. New technologies are reducing the cost of clean energy and renewable power. Smart grids and electric vehicles are rapidly gaining market shares.

Since 2010, the cost of solar power generation has declined by 58 percent, with the cost of wind power down by one-third. The International Renewable Energy Agency projects cost reductions of 59 percent in solar power and 12 percent in wind power within 10 years, edging below fossil fuel electricity costs in most Asia-Pacific countries.

Advances in long-distance power-transmission technologies can link renewable energy resource-rich areas like the Gobi Desert, Central Asia and far eastern Russia.

The Asia-Pacific region has emerged as an engine for clean energy, both as a manufacturing center for renewable energy technologies and as the leading region for deployment, with $160 billion invested in renewables in 2015.

Despite these developments, the success of the energy transition will require sustained commitment at national and regional levels through better policies, incentives and allocation of investments.

The inertia of the existing energy sector is considerable, with its long-lived assets and entrenched institutional arrangements. Regional cooperation, through sharing of policy experiences, building capacity and mobilizing finance can play a significant role in helping countries implement their own energy reforms and capture the benefits.

The importance of regional energy cooperation is evident in the trans-boundary nature of many prominent energy challenges — improving regional energy security, managing air pollution and establishing cross-border infrastructure.

ASEAN, South Asian and Central Asian countries as well as China, Russia and Mongolia are already embracing cross-border energy connectivity. Initiatives such as the CASA 1000 and the ASEAN Power Grid will allow low carbon energy from gas, hydropower, solar or wind to be traded across borders. Long-term regional dialogue is required to further develop these complex and infrastructure-intensive initiatives.

Connecting countries, finding regional solutions and promoting regional standards and guidelines has been at the core of the work of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific for the past 70 years.

We recognize the need for regional energy cooperation, and with the support of our member states established an intergovernmental Committee on Energy that will meet for the first time in Bangkok between the 17 and 19 of January.

Through the committee, countries will help to map out key regional energy solutions for the region, such as accelerating the uptake of renewables and energy efficiency, establishing cross-border energy connectivity, promoting regional approaches to energy security and providing modern energy access throughout the region.

Through regional cooperation and integration, I am confident the Asia-Pacific region can transform its energy trajectories to better serve its people and the planet.


*The author is under-secretary-general of the United Nations (UN) and the executive secretary of the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP).

Shamshad Akhtar
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