North Korea’s economy expanded 1.3% last year

File photo of a thermal power plant in North Korea taken in 2006.[JoongAng Ilbo]

North Korea’s economy expanded at the fastest pace since 2008 last year, even as the Kim Jong-un regime faced increasing isolation over its missile and nuclear weapon tests, according to the Bank of Korea.

Gross domestic product in the North increased 1.3 percent in 2012 after a 0.8 percent rise in 2011, according to calculations released by South Korea’s central bank yesterday. The North’s economy contracted in four of the last seven years, the BOK data showed.

Last year was Kim’s first full 12 months in power after succeeding his late father Kim Jong-il in December 2011. He vowed in April 2012 that the country’s 24 million people will “never again tighten their belts,” days after an unsuccessful ballistic missile test that ruptured a deal with the U.S. for 240,000 tons of food in exchange for a moratorium on weapons testing.

“Agriculture and fisheries expanded 3.9 percent due to greater fertilizer use in corn and rice production,” the BOK said in a statement. Hog and poultry production rose 12.3 percent from a year earlier, the BOK said.

Agriculture and fisheries accounted for 23.4 percent of North Korea’s overall economy. This was a 0.3 percentage point increase from the previous year.

Manufacturing and mining improved, growing 1.3 percent last year. The previous year they fell 1.4 percent. Manufacturing and mining accounted for 35.9 percent of the economy, a drop from 36.5 percent in 2011. While manufacturing remained the same at 21.9 percent, mining was 0.6 percentage points smaller last year at 14 percent.

The service industry, however, saw its expansion slowed largely due to a drop in the government sector. Service industries inched up 0.1 percent on-year, which is slower than the 0.3 percent posted in 2011.

North Korea’s gross national income per capita when converted to South Korean won was 1.37 million won ($1,223) last year, an increase from 1.33 million won in 2011. South Korea’s gross national income per capita in 2012 was 25.59 million won.

North Korea’s trade, excluding that with South Korea, expanded 7.1 percent in 2012 to $6.8 billion. Exports increased 3.3 percent to $2.88 billion. While its exports of mineral goods fell 0.2 percent on-year, shipments of chemical products surged 38 percent.

Imports saw a sharper expansion of 10.2 percent on-year to $3.93 billion. Inbound shipments of textiles went up 17.6 percent.

Inter-Korea trade grew 15 percent from the previous year to $1.97 billion. Of the total, 99.5 percent came from the Kaesong Industrial Complex.

Goods shipped from South Korea included machinery, which surged 28.2 percent, and electronic goods, up 16 percent.

Products that came from North Korea went up 17.5 percent, including electronic goods, which surged 25.8 percent while textiles jumped 12.8 percent.

This year these figures could fall sharply as the manufacturing plants in Kaesong have been idle for more than three months.

The data offered a peak into the opaque economy of North Korea, which doesn’t publish official figures. South Korea’s central bank releases annual estimates of the North’s economic conditions based on information from the South’s National Intelligence Service and other related organizations.

BY LEE HO-JEONG, BLOOMBERG [ojlee82@joongang.co.kr]